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Operation Wetback : ウィキペディア英語版 | Operation Wetback Operation Wetback was an immigration law enforcement initiative created by Director of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service Joseph Swing in cooperation with the Mexican government. The program was implemented in May 1954 by U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell, and utilized special tactics to deal with illegal border crossing and illegal residence in the United States by Mexican nationals.〔Hernandez 2006, p. 421-444.〕 The program became a contentious issue in Mexico-United States relations. Even though it originated in pressure from the Mexican government to stop illegal entry of Mexican laborers to the United States, a practice which had been regularized by mutual agreement during World War II by the bracero program, Operation Wetback was primarily a response to pressure from farmers and business interests north of the border.〔Koulish 2010.〕 After implementation, Operation Wetback gave rise to arrests and deportations by the U.S. Border Patrol that included physical abuse and civil rights violations, and even deportations of hundreds of U. S. citizens unable to convince border agents of their status.〔Hernandez 2006, p.430, 437-440.〕〔Mitchell 2012.〕 ==Background and causes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operation Wetback」の詳細全文を読む
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